LESSON 33: HORIZONTAL RULES

1. Study the index cards on Horizontal Rules. I've included a hard copy of these index cards, for your convenience.
2. Be sure that you can answer all the following questions, which are fair game for quizzes and tests.
   1. What is a "rule"?
   2. What are horizontal rules used for?
   3. What is the tag name for a horizontal rule?
   4. What are the most common attributes used by the "horizontal rule" tag?
   5. What attribute is used to specify the height of a horizontal rule?
   6. What "unit(s)" are used to specify the height of a horizontal rule?
   7. Write the code for a 5-pixel-high horizontal rule, that uses all the available window width.
   8. Suppose a rule is produced by the code <HR SIZE=5> . Will the resulting rule look the same to all viewers? Support your answer .
   9. What happens if you don't specify the width of a horizontal rule?
   10. Can you put a horizontal rule in the middle of a sentence?
   11. What are the two "units" that can be used to specify the width of a horizontal rule?
   12. Suppose you want a SOLID line, instead of the default three-dimensional shading effect, on a horizontal rule. How can you do this?
   13. Does the order that you list the attributes in a horizontal rule tag affect the final result?
   14. Write the code for a right-aligned horizontal tag, 10 pixels high, that takes up one-quarter of the available window width, and is solid.
   15. Suppose you don't specify the alignment of a horizontal rule. What is the default alignment?
   16. Sketch the results of each of the following lines of code:
       <HR WIDTH="50%">
<HR WIDTH="50%" ALIGN="left">
<HR WIDTH="50%" ALIGN="right">
   17. If you have a horizontal rule that uses all the available window width, then does the alignment make any difference?
   18. What does the phrase "left-justify" mean?
   19. What is a synonym for "left-justify"?
   20. What is a synonym for "left-align"?
   21. What does the phrase "right-justify" mean?
   22. What is a synonym for "right-justify"?
   23. What is a synonym for "right-align"?
   24. Write the code for a teeny-tiny square (that is "hollow"):
   25. Write the code for a teeny-tiny square (that is solid):
3. Continue reading in Chapter 12 in the Weasel book, from the middle of page 174 ("Linked Graphics") to the middle of page 176 (up to "Vertical Alignment". Much of this is review.
   Be able to answer all the following questions, which are fair game for quizzes and tests.
   1. How do you make a graphic into a link?
   2. When a graphic is used as a link, how is it displayed, by default?
   3. How can you "turn off" the border around a graphic that is used as a link?
   4. Why might some users turn graphics off in their preferences?
   5. Here's an image tag:
      <IMG SRC="pic.gif">
      What would this user see, if they have their graphics turned off?
   6. Here's an image tag:
      <IMG SRC="pic.gif" ALT="a willow tree">
      What would this user see, if they have their graphics turned off?
   7. If you're using a graphic as a link, what should you put, as a minimum, for the alternative text?
   8. Is ALT a required attribute for the IMG tag? (YES or NO)
   9. Are browsers currently enforcing the fact that ALT is a required attribute for the IMG tag? (YES or NO)
   10. What is the advantage to specifying HEIGHT and WIDTH in an image tag? Comment.
   11. What does the phrase "preloading images" mean?
   12. What is the definition of "cache"? (Use the online technical dictionary.)
   13. How is "cache" pronounced?
   14. What are two types of caching commonly used in personal computers?
   15. What is "memory caching"? Why is it effective?
   16. What does RAM stand for?
   17. What does SRAM stand for?
   18. What does DRAM stand for?
   19. Which is used for main memory, SRAM or DRAM?
   20. Which is faster, SRAM or DRAM?
   21. Which is cheaper, SRAM or DRAM?
   22. Which is slower, SRAM or DRAM?
   23. What is one trick for preloading images?

• (20 pts) Questions from the index cards and reading (see below).
  There will be 27 randomly-chosen questions; you will cross off 7 questions.
  The remaining 20 questions are worth 1 point each.