Laurel, Yanny, Cookies, Bananas, and Clocks
Today (May 19, 2018) the universe was telling me to write this section.
Laurel versus Yanny
I zipped onto Facebook. An audio clip—Do you hear ‘Laurel’ or ‘Yanny’?—had gone viral.
I listened. It was definitely Yanny. No hint of Laurel.
Ten minutes later, my husband came in. I wanted to know what he heard. I located the same post on Facebook.
I listened again. It was definitely Laurel. No hint of Yanny.
How could I have heard Yanny before? Same computer, same location, same Facebook post, within ten minutes.
Cookies, Bananas, and Clocks
Then, I came across a viral picture-math-puzzle involving cookies, bananas, and clocks:
As in the Laurel/Yanny scenario, I got multiple ‘answers’:
- First look: the question mark is 25.
- Another look: the question mark is 14.
- Another look: the question mark is 11.
- Another look: the question mark is 10.
Follow the links to see my thought processes for getting each ‘answer’. You need to read them in order, since they build on each other.
A Moral
I was led to these thoughts:
People hear things differently.
People see things differently.
Even the same person.
Emphasize understanding over right/wrong.
Cookie/Banana/Clock: $\,25\,$
Treat this as:
a single cookie icon
a single banana icon
a single clock icon
With my mathematical background, I first saw a system of equations (three equations, three unknowns).
Let:
- $\,c := \,$ cookie icon
- $\,b := \,$ banana icon
- $\,t := \,$ clock (timepiece) icon
The problem becomes the system: $$ \begin{gather} c + c + c = 30\cr b + b + c = 14\cr b + t + t = 8 \end{gather} $$ or, more simply, $$ \begin{gather} 3c = 30\cr 2b + c = 14\cr b + 2t = 8 \end{gather} $$ with solution $\,c = 10\,,$ $\,b = 2\,$ and $\,t = 3\,.$ Thus: $$t + b + b\cdot c \ \ =\ \ 3 + 2 + 2\cdot 10 \ \ =\ \ 25$$
Be sure to recall PEMDAS: multiplication gets done before addition.
Cookie/Banana/Clock: $\,14\,$
Treat this as:
a single cookie icon
two different banana icons
a single clock icon
New perspective: The banana icon in the bottom row is different. It's a single banana—the others were double bananas.
With the paradigm ‘each unique icon represents a unique (unknown) number’, there is now insufficient information to solve the mathematics problem, as follows:
We have:
- $\,c := \,$ cookie icon
- $\,b_2 := \,$ double banana icon
- $\,b_1 := \,$ single banana icon
- $\,t := \,$ clock (timepiece) icon
The system is: $$ \begin{gather} 3c = 30\cr 2b_2 + c = 14\cr b_2 + 2t = 8 \end{gather} $$ with solution $\,c = 10\,,$ $\,b_2 = 2\,$ and $\,t = 3\,.$ Since $\,b_1\,$ is unknown, we are unable to evaluate the expression $\,t + b_1 + b_1\cdot c\,.$
However, it is reasonable to formulate the problem slightly differently, as follows. Agree to let the double banana icon represent twice the single banana icon, so we have:
- $\,c := \,$ cookie icon
- $\,b_1 := \,$ single banana icon
- $\,t := \,$ clock (timepiece) icon
- agree that the double banana icon is $\,2b_1\,$
Now, the system is: $$ \begin{gather} 3c = 30\cr 2b_1 + 2b_1 + c = 14\cr 2b_1 + 2t = 8 \end{gather} $$ with solution $\,c = 10\,,$ $\,b_1 = 1\,$ and $\,t = 3\,.$ Thus: $$t + b_1 + b_1\cdot c \ \ =\ \ 3 + 1 + 1\cdot 10 \ \ =\ \ 14$$
Cookie/Banana/Clock: $\,11\,$
Treat this as:
two different cookie icons
two different banana icons
a single clock icon
Additional new perspective: The cookie icon in the bottom row is different. It has seven chips—the others have ten chips.
Adjusting notation to account for the new information, let:
- $\,c_{10} := \,$ cookie icon with ten chips
- $\,c_{7} := \,$ cookie icon with seven chips
- $\,b_1 := \,$ single banana icon
- $\,t := \,$ clock (timepiece) icon
- agree that the double banana icon is $\,2b_1$
The system is: $$ \begin{gather} 3c_{10} = 30\cr 2b_1 + 2b_1 + c_{10} = 14\cr 2b_1 + 2t = 8 \end{gather} $$ with solution $\,c_{10} = 10\,,$ $\,b_1 = 1\,$ and $\,t = 3\,.$ Since $\,c_7\,$ is unknown, we are unable to evaluate the expression $\,t + b_1 + b_1\cdot c_7\,.$
However, it is reasonable to formulate the problem slightly differently, as follows. Agree to let the number of chips on a cookie dictate its numerical value. Thus, we have:
- $\,c_{10} = 10\,$
- $\,c_{7} = 7\,$
- $\,b_1 := \,$ single banana icon
- $\,t := \,$ clock (timepiece) icon
- agree that the double banana icon is $\,2b_1$
Now, we have a true statement, and a system of two equations and two unknowns: $$ \begin{gather} 10 + 10 + 10 = 30 \quad \text{(true statement)}\cr 2b_1 + 2b_1 + 10 = 14\cr 2b_1 + 2t = 8 \end{gather} $$ with solution $\,b_1 = 1\,$ and $\,t = 3\,.$ Thus: $$t + b_1 + b_1\cdot c_7 \ \ =\ \ 3 + 1 + 1\cdot 7 \ \ =\ \ 11$$
Cookie/Banana/Clock: $\,10\,$
Treat this as:
two different cookie icons
two different banana icons
two different clock icons
Additional new perspective: The clock in the bottom row is different. It reads $\,2\,$ o'clock—the others read $\,3\,$ o'clock.
Building on prior scenarios, and adjusting notation to account for the new information, let:
- $\,c_{10} = 10\,$
- $\,c_{7} = 7\,$
- $\,b_1 := \,$ single banana icon
- $\,t_2 := \,$ clock (timepiece) icon that reads $\,2\,$ o'clock
- $\,t_3 := \,$ clock (timepiece) icon that reads $\,3\,$ o'clock
- agree that the double banana icon is $\,2b_1$
We now have $$ \begin{gather} 10 + 10 + 10 = 30\cr 2b_1 + 2b_1 + 10 = 14\cr 2b_1 + 2t_3 = 8 \end{gather} $$ with solution $\,b_1 = 1\,$ and $\,t_3 = 3\,.$ Since $\,t_2\,$ is unknown, we are unable to evaluate the expression $\,t_2 + b_1 + b_1\cdot c_7\,.$
However, it is reasonable to formulate the problem slightly differently, as follows. Agree to let the (hour) time on a clock dictate its numerical value. Thus, we have:
- $\,c_{10} = 10\,$
- $\,c_{7} = 7\,$
- $\,b_1 := \,$ single banana icon
- agree that the clock icon that reads $\,2\,$ o'clock has numerical value $\,2\,$ ($\,t_2 = 2\,$)
- agree that the clock icon that reads $\,3\,$ o'clock has numerical value $\,3\,$ ($\,t_3 = 3\,$)
- agree that the double banana icon is $\,2b_1$
Now, we have two equations in a single unknown: $$ \begin{gather} 10 + 10 + 10 = 30 \quad \text{(true statement)}\cr 2b_1 + 2b_1 + 10 = 14\cr 2b_1 + 2\cdot 3 = 8 \end{gather} $$ Fortunately, the second and third equations are equivalent, each yielding $\,b_1 = 1\,.$ The desired expression is then: $$t_2 + b_1 + b_1\cdot c_7 \ =\ 2 + 1 + 1\cdot 7 \ =\ 10$$
In Conclusion
In hindsight, we might merely want to present the following ‘solution’:
Use the first three equations to guide us to the following agreements:
- For cookies, the number of chips determines its numerical value: $\text{ten chips} = 10\,,$ $\text{seven chips} = 7\,$
- For bananas, the number of bananas determines its numerical value: $\text{one banana} = 1\,,$ $\text{two bananas} = 2\,$
- For clocks, the hour time determines its numerical value: $\,2 \text{ o'clock} = 2\,,$ $\,3 \text{ o'clock} = 3\,$
With these agreements, the first three equations are true. Thus, it's reasonable to think that this is what the author of the problem wanted. Then, the final expression becomes $$2 + 1 + 1\cdot 7$$ and you need only remember that multiplication is done before addition, yielding $$2 + 1 + (1\cdot 7)\ \ =\ \ 2 + 1 + 7\ \ =\ \ 10$$
move on to:
Taking PEMDAS Too Literally: Don't Make This Mistake!